Assorted Reference Of Cassava

• major reference  (in  cereal processing: Cassava)

Cassava, often called manioc, is not a cereal but a tuber; however, it replaces cereals in certain countries, supplying the carbohydrate content of the diet. The botanical name is Manihot esculenta, and the plant is native to South America, especially Brazil. It is now grown in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and parts of Africa. A valuable source of starch, cassava is...

• Brazilian economy  (in  Brazil: Agriculture)

...of the world’s oranges are grown in Brazil—more than twice the amount produced in the United States, which is the world’s second major supplier. Brazil is also the world’s main producer of cassava and a leading grower of beans, corn (maize), cacao, bananas, and rice. Although the bulk of these products are consumed domestically, some are exported, including jute and black pepper from...

• Central African history  (in  Central Africa: Development of the slave trade)

...also had higher yields than millet where soil and water were sufficient, which increased food production and partly compensated for the loss of field hands to the slavers. The second new crop was cassava, or manioc, a root crop easily adopted by tuber farmers but more difficult for grain farmers to accept. It too was better protected from rodents—and even from marauders—than...

• domestication  (in  plant (biology): Domestication)

...medicine, and the tools and poisons used for hunting and fishing. Amerindian cultures improved a wide range of species by deliberate selection of the more productive and useful forms. Manioc (Manihot utilissima) remains a staple of large sections of Latin America, especially Brazil and the Amazon basin. A woody, tuberous plant whose origin in the savannas of South America has long...

• human nutrition  (in  South American forest Indian: Economic systems;

The roots of the manioc or cassava plant is a staple of the Indian diet, and its processing requires a number of implements including baskets and sifters, graters made of planks with little stones embedded in them, the tipiti (a plaited cylinder used to squeeze the prussic acid from the grated pulp), great clay pots for preparing the flour, and earthen fryers for making flat cakes.

in  human nutrition: Starchy roots )

...however, provides some protein (2 percent) and also contains vitamin C. The yellow-fleshed varieties of sweet potato contain the pigment beta-carotene, convertible in the body into vitamin A. Cassava is extremely low in protein, and most varieties contain cyanide-forming compounds that make them toxic unless processed correctly.

• root system  (in  angiosperm (plant): Root systems)

...for special functions, the most common being the formation of tuberous (fleshy) roots for food storage. For example, carrots and beets are tuberous roots that are modified from taproots, and cassava (manioc) is a tuberous root that is modified from an adventitious root. (Tubers, on the other hand, are modified, fleshy, underground stems and will be discussed below.)

• South American crops  (in  South America: Food crops)

...of corn during the 20th century. Beans, including several species of the genus Phaseolus, are widely cultivated by small-scale methods and form an important food item in most countries. Cassava and sweet potato also are indigenous to the New World and have become the basic foodstuffs of much of tropical Africa and parts of Asia. The potato, which originated in the high Andes, became...

in  Amazon River (river, South America): Early settlement patterns )

The Amazonian Indians early devised means of making the poisonous bitter cassava (manioc) edible; the end product, called farinha, became a food staple widely used today in much of tropical America. Amazonian Indians perfected the use of quinine as a specific against malaria, extracted cocaine from the leaves of the coca tree, and collected the sap of the...

uses

• animal feed  (in  feed (agriculture): Root crops)

Root crops are used less extensively as animal feed than was true in the past, for economic reasons. Beets (mangels), rutabagas, cassava, turnips, and sometimes surplus potatoes are used as feed. Compared with other feeds, root crops are low in dry-matter content and protein; they mostly provide energy.

• basketry  (in  basketry: Uses)

...example). The flexibility of work done on the diagonal is put to particularly ingenious use by the Africans in beer making and, above all, by Amazonian Indians in extracting the toxic juices from manioc pulp (a long basketwork cylinder is pulled down at the bottom by ballasting and, as it gets longer, compresses the pulp with which it had previously been filled).

• food staple  (in  Mozambique: Daily life and social customs)

The daily food staple of most Mozambicans is either cassava (manioc), which is cooked and pounded into a soft mound and served with a sauce, or massa, a cornmeal porridge that is similarly served with a sauce. A common sauce called matapa is made from cooking cassava leaves or other greens with ground peanuts or...

• tapioca  (in  tapioca (food))

The cassava plant, or manioc, is native to the West Indies and to South America, where its roots are ground into meal and then baked into thin cakes. Tapioca became a common Asian food after the cassava was introduced into that part of the world during the 19th century. In Thailand a pudding is made of tapioca and coconut, and tapioca paste is rolled into balls and dried to be eaten as cereal.